中生界火山岩潜山是渤海海域近期突破的重要新领域，也是未来增产稳产的重要新接替。利用区域地质、钻井、分析化验等资料，分析了渤中凹陷及周边地区中生界火山岩潜山区域成藏条件，并重点剖析了渤中8-3南和龙口7-1潜山成藏条件及模式。结果表明：①渤中凹陷及周边地区中生代早白垩世基性-中性-酸性多旋回火山岩叠加喷发，形成广泛分布的火山岩是大中型火山岩油气田形成的先决条件。②渤中凹陷沙河街组大面积分布的成熟烃源岩为火山岩潜山成藏提供了充足的油气来源；走滑断裂活动成缝并叠加风化改造形成的规模储集体是火山岩油气田形成的关键；东营组巨厚超压泥岩为火山岩油气藏保存提供了区域封盖条件。上述条件耦合奠定了渤中凹陷及周边地区火山岩潜山良好的油气富集条件。③渤中8-3南潜山为大型的酸性火山机构，具有良好的储集层条件，顶部和侧翼与成熟烃源岩直接接触，且源岩超压发育，对下部储层有效封盖富集成藏；龙口7-1潜山岩性以中、酸性火山岩为主，易形成良好储层，潜山两侧被成熟烃源岩夹持，具有超压封盖富集成藏特征。综合成藏分析表明，近生烃洼陷，超压强封盖之下的中、酸性优势火山岩体是火山岩规模成藏的有利区域。该成果为渤海海域中生界火山岩潜山勘探提供指导，也可为其他相似地区的研究提供借鉴。

Mesozoic volcanic buried hills are an important new area broken through recently in the Bohai Sea and also an important new replacement for increasing and stabilizing production in the Bohai Oilfield in the future. This paper summarizes the reservoir-forming conditions of the Mesozoic volcanic buried hill in the Bozhong Sag and its surrounding areas with data of regional geology， drilling， and analysis and testing. Then， it focuses on analyzing the reservoir-forming conditions and models of two key structures， South BZ8-3 and LK7-1. The followings are obtained from the research. ① The superposition and eruption of Mesozoic basic-neutral-acidic multicycle volcanic rocks from the Early Cretaceous in the Bozhong Sag and its surrounding areas form widely distributed volcanic rocks， which are a prerequisite for the formation of large-and medium-sized volcanic oil and gas fields. ② The mature source rocks widely distributed in the Shahejie Formation of the Bozhong Sag provide sufficient oil and gas sources for the reservoir formation of volcanic buried hills. The formation of large-scale reservoirs through the activity of strike-slip faults and the superposition of weathering and transformation is the key to the formation of volcanic oil and gas fields. The thick overpressure mudstone of Dongying Formation provides regional sealing conditions for the preservation of volcanic oil and gas reservoirs. The coupling of these conditions lays the foundation for good oil and gas enrichment conditions of volcanic buried hills in the Bozhong Sag and its surrounding areas. ③ The South BZ8-3 buried hill is a large acidic volcanic structure with good reservoir conditions. The top and sides are in direct contact with mature source rocks， and the source rocks are developed under overpressure， effectively sealing and enriching the lower reservoir. The lithology of LK7-1 buried hill is mainly composed of neutral and acidic volcanic rocks， which are prone to forming good reservoirs. The two sides of the buried hill are sandwiched by mature source rocks， which thus has the characteristics of overpressure sealing and enrichment into reservoirs. Comprehensive reservoir analysis shows that the neutral and acidic dominant volcanic rock masses under overpressure sealing near a hydrocarbon-rich sag are favorable areas for large-scale volcanic reservoir formation. This achievement provides guidance for the exploration of Mesozoic volcanic buried hills in the Bohai Sea and can also serve as a reference for research in other similar areas.

北部湾盆地乌石凹陷西洼为小型边缘洼陷，因生烃潜力不确定性高，多年来勘探进展缓慢。综合应用三维地震资料和已钻井资料，通过对乌石凹陷西洼构造演化、洼陷结构、沉积充填开展研究，分析了西洼烃源岩发育特征及勘探潜力。结果表明：①边界断层六号断层分为NNE、NE、NWW、NW、近EW共5段，差异活动明显，流沙港组二段沉积期，NWW段活动性最强，其下降盘流二段沉积厚度最大，可以达到1000m；②西洼流二段发育好—优质烃源岩，主生烃灶烃源岩成熟度为1.5%～2.8%，TOC平均含量为2.1%，S1+S2平均为7.2mg/g，有机质类型为Ⅱ1—Ⅱ2型干酪根，以Ⅱ1型为主，为好—优质烃源岩，且处于大量生烃阶段，资源潜力1.1×108t，具备良好的资源基础；③乌石西洼西侧构造脊为下步最有利勘探方向，流一段、涠三段具备良好储盖组合，并发育地层、断块、半背斜等多类型圈闭，为最有利的成藏组合。油气通过洼中EW断裂垂向运移、大型构造脊优势汇聚、砂体-不整合面侧向输导，在有利目标区成藏，整体潜力大，勘探前景好。该成果为乌石西洼下步勘探指明了方向，对类似的小型边缘洼陷的勘探起到指导作用。

The western subsag of Wushi Sag in the Beibu Gulf Basin is a small marginal subsag. The high uncertainty of hydrocarbon generation potential makes exploration progress slow down for many years. By comprehensively applying 3D seismic data and drilled well data， research was conducted on the structural evolution， subsag structure， and sedimentary filling of the western subsag of Wushi Sag， and the development characteristics and exploration potential of source rocks in the western subsag were analyzed. The results showed that： ① Boundary fault No. 6 is divided into five segments： NNE， NE， NWW， NW， and near EW， with obvious differential activity. During the sedimentary period of the second member of the Liushagang Formation， the NWW segment has the strongest activity， and its downthrown side has the largest sedimentary thickness of the second member of the Liushagang Formation， which can reach 1 000 m. ② The second member of the Liushagang Formation in the western subsag develops good and high-quality source rocks， with the source rock maturity of the main hydrocarbon generation zone ranging from 1. 5% to 2. 8%. The average TOC content is 2. 1%， and the average S1+S2 is 7. 2 mg/g. The organic matter type is Ⅱ1–Ⅱ2 kerogen， withⅡ1 kerogen dominating， indicating good and high-quality source rocks in a large hydrocarbon generation stage， with a resource potential of 1. 1 × 108 t and excellent resource reserves. ③ The structural ridge on the west side of the western subsag of Wushi Sag is the most favorable direction for subsequent exploration. The first member of the Liushagang Formation and the third member of the Weizhou Formation have good reservoir-cap rock combinations and develop multiple types of traps such as stratigraphic， fault block， and semi-anticline traps， making them the most favorable reservoir-forming combinations. Oil and gas migrate vertically through the EW faults in the subsag， converge preferentially along major structural ridges， and are transported laterally through sand bodies and unconformities， leading to the formation of reservoirs in favorable target areas. The overall potential is significant， and the exploration prospects are promising. This achievement has pointed the way to subsequent exploration of the western subsag of Wushi Sag and provided guidance for similar small marginal subsags.

珠江口盆地深层文昌组储层不同成岩相物性差异大，各类储层是否具备可压裂性及可压裂性的效果明显制约了油气勘探开发的进程。以珠江口盆地惠州-陆丰地区文昌组低渗碎屑岩储层为对象，运用地质、工程“双甜点”识别方法以寻找可动用的高产储层，通过划分主要成岩相类型、开展地层温压条件约束的岩石脆性验证实验等手段，明确了不同成岩相储层可压裂性，预估出压裂后储层增产效果，并提出各类储层下一步开发指导建议。结果表明：①惠州-陆丰地区文昌组储层可划分为中弱压实-弱胶结-弱溶解成岩相（Ⅰ类）、中等压实-弱胶结-中等溶解成岩相（Ⅱ类）、中强压实-弱胶结-强溶解（Ⅲ类）、中等压实-凝灰质高岭石（磷灰石）化-中等溶解成岩相（Ⅳ类）、强压实/强胶结-弱溶解致密成岩相（Ⅴ类）5类成岩相。②Ⅰ类成岩相储层孔隙结构较好，自然产能高，无需压裂；Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类成岩相储层中—大孔多，压裂后能够被裂缝有效沟通，压裂增产效果明显，下一步可优先压裂；Ⅳ类成岩相储层压裂造缝仅可以连通其周围的少部分微孔隙，大部分微孔隙并未有效沟通，压裂增产效果一般，可作为试点区域；Ⅴ类成岩相储层质量差，压裂意义不大，不建议动用。通过成岩相与岩石可压裂性之间的对应关系，筛选出增产效果明显的储层类型，对低渗油气层有效开发具有重要的参考意义和指导作用。

The physical properties of different diagenetic facies of the deeply buried reservoirs of the Wenchang Formation in the Pearl River Mouth Basin vary greatly. The fracturability and fracturability effects of various reservoirs have obviously restricted the process of oil and gas exploration and development. By taking the low-permeability clastic rock reservoir of Wenchang Formation in the Huizhou-Lufeng area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin as the object， the geological and engineering “double sweet spot” identification method was used to find the available high-yield reservoir. By means of dividing the main diagenetic facies types and carrying out rock brittleness verification experiments constrained by formation temperature and pressure conditions， the fracturability of reservoirs in different diagenetic facies was defined， and the reservoir stimulation effect after fracturing was estimated. In addition， guidance suggestions for the next development of various reservoirs were proposed. The results show that： ① The reservoir of Wenchang Formation in the Huizhou-Lufeng area can be divided into five types of diagenetic facies： moderate-weak compaction， weak cementation， and weak dissolution （ClassⅠ）， moderate compaction， weak cementation， and moderate dissolution （Class Ⅱ）， medium strong compaction， weak cementation， and strong dissolution （Class Ⅲ）， moderate compaction， tuff altered kaolinite （apatite）， and moderate dissolution （Class Ⅳ）， and strong compaction/strong cementation， weak dissolution， and densification （Class Ⅴ）. ② Diagenetic facies reservoir of Class Ⅰ has good pore structure and high natural productivity， and it requires no fracturing. There are many medium-large pores in the diagenetic facies reservoirs of Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ， which can be effectively communicated by fractures after fracturing. The effect of fracturing stimulation is obvious， and the next step can be given priority to fracturing. Fracturing diagenetic facies reservoirs of Class Ⅳ can only connect a small number of micropores around them， and most of the micropores are not effectively communicated. The fracturing stimulation effect is general， and it can be used as a pilot area. The quality of the diagenetic facies reservoir of Class Ⅴ is poor， and fracturing is of little significance. Therefore， it is not recommended to use. The corresponding relationship between diagenetic facies and rock fracturability can be used to screen for reservoir types with significant stimulation effects， which has important reference and guiding significance for the effective development of low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs.

地层负压成因与分布研究对油气成藏研究及有利区预测具有指导意义。为了揭示中国含油气盆地负压分布特征，利用10个盆地23个构造的2600余组负压数据，分析了中国主要含油气盆地负压成因及其分布特征。结果表明：①中国含油气盆地普遍存在负压发育区，发育层段主要在中生界以上，深度范围在100～5000m，构造位置以隆起和斜坡为主，压力系数最小仅有0.45，总体上从西部盆地到东部盆地负压分布具有层系变新、深度增加、强度增大的规律；②负压成因类型包括构造、成岩和流体散失3种，西部挤压盆地、中部克拉通盆地和隆起区负压主要为构造成因，发育深度小；东部盆地、盆地斜坡和向斜带负压主要为成岩和流体散失成因，发育深度较大。③负压成因差异是控制不同盆地、不同埋深、不同构造位置负压发育强度差异的主要因素。上述成果和认识对含油气盆地负压分布预测及油气成藏动力分析具有指导意义。

The research on formation mechanism and distribution characteristics of negative pressure in strata is of guiding significance for studying oil and gas reservoirs and predicting oil and gas accumulation areas. In order to reveal the distribution characteristics of negative pressure in petroliferous basins of China， more than 2 600 sets of negative pressure data from 10 basins including 23 structure units were used. The formation mechanism and distribution characteristics of negative pressure in the main petroliferous basins of China were analyzed. Conclusions can be drawn as follows： ① Negative pressure is generally developed in petroliferous basins of China， with development intervals mainly above the Mesozoic and depths ranging from 100 to 5 000 m. The structural positions are mainly uplifts and slopes， and the minimum pressure coefficient can reach 0. 45. Generally， the distribution of negative pressure from the western basin to the eastern basin follows a pattern of layer renewal， depth increase， and strength enhancement. ② The types of negative pressure formation include structure， diagenesis， and dissipation. Negative pressure in western compressional basins， central craton basins， and uplift areas is mainly caused by structure， with a lower development depth. Negative pressure in eastern basins， slopes， and synclinal zones is mainly caused by diagenesis and dissipation， with large development depth. ③ The formation differences of negative pressure are the main factors controlling the intensity of negative pressure developmentin different basins， depths and structural positions. The results above are of guiding significance to the prediction of negative pressure and the dynamic analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation in petroliferous basins.

渤海海域已探明石油地质储量中一半以上为稠油。基于渤海海域49个稠油油田探明石油地质储量数据，从油田规模、平面、纵向、含油层系、储层沉积相、储层物性等多方面对稠油分布规律进行梳理、总结，并结合前人认识对稠油成藏及分布的主控因素进行了分析。研究表明：①渤海海域稠油98.4%探明储量分布在大型和中型稠油油田中，78.9%探明储量分布在凸起上、72.7%探明储量分布在明化镇组和馆陶组、67.5%探明储量分布在1000～1500m深度、92.6%探明储量分布在河流相和三角洲相储层中、62.0%和71.3%探明储量分布在特高孔和特高渗储层中；②渤海海域古近系优质烃源岩广泛发育、浅层圈闭条件好、晚期断裂活动强烈、埋藏深度适宜及盖层条件较差等多因素控制渤海海域中浅层形成大量稠油油田。本次研究成果总结了渤海海域稠油的分布特征及主控因素，可为渤海海域稠油油田勘探开发研究提供参考。

More than half of the proven geological reserves of petroleum in the Bohai Sea are heavy oil. Based on the data of proven geological reserves of petroleum from 49 heavy oil fields in the Bohai Sea， the distribution patterns of heavy oil were sorted out and summarized from various aspects such as oilfield scale， plane， vertical direction， oil-bearing strata， reservoir sedimentary facies， and physical properties of reservoirs. In addition， the main controlling factors of heavy oil accumulation and distribution were analyzed based on previous understandings. The research shows that： ① 98. 4% of the proven reserves of heavy oil in the Bohai Sea are distributed in large and medium-sized heavy oil fields； 78. 9% of the proven reserves are distributed in uplifts； 72. 7% of the proven reserves are distributed in the Minghuazhen Formation and Guantao Formation； 67. 5% of the proven reserves are distributed at a depth of 1 000-1 500 meters； 92. 6% of the proven reserves are distributed in fluvial and deltaic facies reservoirs， and 62. 0% and 71. 3% of the proven reserves are distributed in reservoirs with ultra-high porosity and permeability； ② The widespread development of high-quality source rocks in the Paleogene of the Bohai Sea， good shallow trap conditions， intense late-stage fault activity， suitable burial depth， and poor caprock conditions are the main controlling factors that control the formation of a large number of heavy oil fields in the shallow layers of the Bohai Sea. The research summarizes the distribution characteristics and main controlling factors of heavy oil in the Bohai Sea， which can provide a reference for the exploration and development of heavy oil fields in the Bohai Sea.

东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷平北区石门潭组火山岩勘探取得了突破，但限于钻井数和实物资料的稀少，对火山岩储层特征揭示不完整，导致储层分布规律认识不清，阻碍了勘探潜力的分析。充分利用岩心、岩屑、测井和地震资料对平北地区火山岩岩性岩相、储集空间类型和储层物性特征进行分析。落实了岩性以流纹质/英安质凝灰岩、流纹质/英安质凝灰熔岩、流纹岩、安山岩和安山质隐爆角砾岩等为主；识别出4相10亚相，主要为爆发相热基浪亚相和热碎屑流亚相、溢流相中部亚相和下部亚相、火山通道相隐爆角砾岩亚相和火山沉积相等岩相；识别出3类7种储集空间类型，其中气孔和脱玻化孔可具有较高的孔隙度。储层物性与岩性、岩相等相关性研究结果表明，爆发相热基浪亚相远源相带-近源相带具有良好的储集能力，在火山口-近火山口相带应该具有更好的储层；爆发相热碎屑流亚相应该具有优于热基浪亚相储层的潜力；该区可能发育溢流相（流纹岩）为主的火山机构，也应具有良好的潜力。

Breakthroughs have been made in exploration within volcanic rocks of the Shimentan Formation in the Pingbei area of the Xihu Sag in the East China Sea Shelf Basin. However， the characteristics and distribution patterns of the Shimentan volcanic reservoirs are not fully revealed due to limited wells and collected data， which hinders exploration potential analysis. This study， by fully utilizing cores， cuttings， logging， and seismic data， analyzed the lithological facies， reservoir space types， and reservoir physical properties in volcanic rocks in the Pingbei area. The recognized lithologies are mainly composed of rhyolite/andesitic tuff， rhyolite/andesitic tuffaceous lava， rhyolite， andesite， and andesitic cryptoexplosive breccia. Four types of facies and ten types of subfacies were identified， which are predominantly base surge subfacies and pyroclastic flow subfacies of eruptive facies， middle-lower subfacies of effusion facies， cryptoexplosive breccia subfacies of volcanic conduit facies， and volcanic sedimentary facies. Three categories and seven types of reservoir spaces were also distinguished， among which pores and devitrification pores own relatively high porosity. Based on the correlation between reservoir physical properties and lithologies/facies， a better reservoir capacity should be expected in the distal facies belt-proximal facies belt of base surge subfacies of eruptive facies， and better reservoirs should be expected in the crater-near-crater facies belt. The pyroclastic flow subfacies of eruptive facies should have better reservoir potential than the base surge subfacies. This study also indicates that the volcanic structures of effusion facies （rhyolite） may develop in the study area and should also have good reservoir potential.

海上油田取样成本高，流体样品少，代表性有限，未取样油藏原油物性判断难。珠江口盆地番禺油田原油类型包括：稀油、中质油和重质油，黏度变化范围大，具备利用地球化学方法研究原油物性变化规律及其控制因素的资料条件。通过对番禺油田14口井32个原油样品族组成、饱和烃生标以及芳烃分子化合物分布及组成特征进行深入分析，明确了番禺油田原油物性变化主要与原油生物降解有关。通过与原油密度、黏度参数进行相关性分析，筛选生物降解敏感参数，建立了基于原油四甲基萘参数的原油密度、黏度的预测模型，利用现有物性数据对珠江口盆地番禺油田的部分原油物性预测值进行了检验，预测值与实测值相吻合。研究表明，可利用储层砂岩/井壁心样品中原油的特征分子化合物参数，在钻杆测试前预测原油物性。

It is difficult to identify oil properties in untested reservoirs of offshore oilfields due to large sampling costs and the insufficient quantity of available oil samples. Crude oil from the Panyu Oilfield of the Pearl River Mouth Basin includes light oil， medium oil， and heavy oil with a large variation of viscosity， which provides the ideal condition for using geochemical methods to study the patterns of oil property variation and their controlling factors. A systematic study was carried out on the group composition of 32 crude oil samples from fourteen wells in the Panyu Oilfield， biomarkers of saturated hydrocarbons， and the distribution and composition characteristics of aromatic compounds. It is revealed that the oil property variation of the Panyu Oilfield is mainly controlled by different biodegradation levels of oil samples. The sensitive biodegradation parameter was identified through its correlations with density and viscosity of oil samples. Further， this study built the prediction models of density and viscosity of oil samples based on the tetramethyl naphthalene parameter. The prediction values of some properties of crude oil from the Panyu Oilfield of the Pearl River Mouth Basin were verified by using the existing physical property data. The prediction values are in good agreement with the measurement values. This study suggests that the specific molecular compound parameter of crude oil in reservoir sandstone/side-wall core samples can be used to predict the physical properties of oil prior to drill-stem testing.

中国广泛发育的陆相咸化湖盆已成为油气产能的主要贡献领域之一，但对含盐层系的油气成藏机理及模式研究相对薄弱。以东濮凹陷文留地区沙三段为研究对象，通过开展原油和烃源岩的色谱-质谱、单体烃碳同位素及流体包裹体等地化分析，对文留地区的沙三段的油-源特征及成藏模式进行了详细研究。结果表明：①文留地区沙河街组发育沙三上亚段、沙三中亚段、沙三下—沙四上亚段等多套优质烃源岩，烃源岩TOC为0.50%～6.79%、类型以Ⅱ型为主、现今正处于高—过成熟阶段，生烃潜力大；②沙三段原油组分主要以饱和烃为主，CPI接近于1.0，Pr/Ph为0.13～0.63，伽马蜡烷指数为0.50～1.00，单体碳同位素为−32‰～−28‰，油源主要来自沙三中亚段和沙三下—沙四上烃源岩；③文留地区沙三段油气成藏期主要为东营组沉积中晚期（31.0～22.0Ma）和明化镇组沉积末期—现今（6.2～0Ma），其中东营组沉积中晚期主要在隆起区富集形成构造、岩性类油气藏，明化镇组沉积末期—现今主要在斜坡带及近洼位置富集形成致密油气藏；④文留地区沙三段油气从浅到深呈现出常规-非常规有序分布的特征，常规油气藏主要形成并分布在浅层的构造隆起区，非常规油气藏主要形成并分布在斜坡带—洼陷中心的区域。研究结果对文留地区油气发现和勘探部署具有指导意义。

The widely developed continental saline lacustrine basins in China have already become a major contributor to petroleum production， but the research on the mechanisms and model of hydrocarbon accumulation in salt-bearing strata is relatively weak. In this paper， the third member of Shahejie Formation （E2s3） in Wenliu area， Dongpu Sag was taken as the research object， and the crude oil and source rock characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation model of E2s3 in Wenliu area were investigated through analyses of chromatography-mass spectrometry， individual hydrocarbon and carbon isotopes， and fluid inclusions of crude oil and source rocks. The results show that： ① Multiple sets of high-quality source rocks are developed in the E2s3 in Wenliu area such as the upper segment of E2s3 （E2s3u）， middle segment of E2s3 （E2s3m） ， and lower segment of E2s3 （E2s3l） to upper segment of E2s4 （E2s4u）， with total organic carbon （TOC） of source rocks ranging from 0. 50% to 6. 79%， and they are dominated by type Ⅱ. The source rocks are currently mature and highly mature， with great hydrocarbon generation potential. ② The components of crude oil in E2s3 are mainly saturated hydrocarbons. The carbon preference index （CPI） is close to 1. 0， Pr/Ph ranges from 13 to 0. 63， the gammacerane index is 0. 50-1. 00， and the individual carbon isotopes are from −32‰ to −28‰. The crude oil and source rocks mainly come from the source rocks in E2s3m and E2s3l-E2s3u. The reservoirs of E2s3 in Wenliu area are primarily formed in the middle-late Dongying Period （31. 0-22. 0 Ma） and the late Minghuazhen to present period （6. 2-0 Ma）. In the middle-late Dongying Period， hydrocarbons were mainly accumulated in the uplift area to form structural and lithological reservoirs， while in the late Minghuazhen to present period， hydrocarbons were primarily accumulated in slope zones and areas near the sag to form tight reservoirs. ④ The reservoirs of E2s3 in Wenliu area exhibit conventional and unconventional orderly distribution from shallow to deep. The conventional reservoirs are primarily formed and distributed in the structural uplift zone of the shallow layer， while the unconventional reservoirs are mainly formed and distributed in slope zones and the center of the sag. The results of the study have a guiding significance for petroleum discovery，exploration， and deployment in Wenliu area.

潜山凝析油气藏是中国油气增储上产的重要接替领域，受风化剥蚀及构造作用影响，此类储层裂缝高度发育，存在不同尺度的渗流空间，凝析油气在不同尺度渗流空间中流动及赋存状态复杂，准确表征其流动特征及动用界限是此类储层产量准确预测的基础。基于可视化微流控实验开展了高温高压条件下不同尺度裂缝凝析油气流动特征研究，分析了裂缝开度、储层压力以及注采压差对裂缝内油气流动的影响。结果表明，凝析气藏衰竭开发过程中会经历雾状微滴-微滴聚集-缝壁捕集-贴壁蠕动的演化过程。当裂缝开度大于200μm时，凝析油以波形膜状流及离散波状流为主，当裂缝开度为100μm时开始出现活塞流，当裂缝开度为5μm时，出现停滞段塞流，严重影响气体流动。实验与模拟结果表明，目标区块流体有效流动的界限为5μm。同时，明确了储层中裂缝开度和压差对凝析油气流动模式和演化的影响规律，随着压差和开度的增大，凝析油的相态由段塞流转为波浪流，再由波浪流转为混沌流，裂缝内流动状态会逐渐向分散流动转变。建立了临界凝析油饱和度和裂缝开度图版，为海上潜山裂缝型凝析气藏的高效开发提供支持。

The condensate oil and gas reservoirs in buried hills have become an important replacement area for oil and gas storage and production increase in China. Due to weathering and erosion as well as structural effects， fractures are highly developed in such reservoirs， with different scales of flow spaces. The flow and occurrence of condensate oil and gas in flow spaces of different scales are complex， and accurately characterizing their flow characteristics and production boundaries is the basis for accurate prediction of production in such reservoirs. In this paper， through microfluidic visualization experiments， the flow characteristics of condensate oil and gas in fractures of different scales under high temperature and high pressure conditions were studied， and the effects of fracture aperture， reservoir pressure， and injection-production pressure difference on the flow of oil and gas in fractures were analyzed. The results show that the depletion development process of condensate gas reservoirs undergoes the evolution process of mist droplets-droplet aggregation-fracture wall capture-wall adhesion creep. When the fracture aperture is larger than 200 μm， condensate oil mainly flows in the form of wave-shaped film flow and discrete wave flow. When the fracture aperture is 100 μm， piston flow begins to appear. When the fracture aperture is 5 μm， stagnant slug flow occurs， which severely affects gas flow. Experimental and simulation results show that the threshold for effective fluid flow in the target block is 5 μm. At the same time， this study clarified the influence rule of fracture aperture and pressure difference on the flow pattern and evolution of condensate oil and gas in the reservoirs. With the increase of pressure difference and aperture， the phase of condensate oil changes from slug flow to wave flow and then to chaotic flow. The flow state in the fractures gradually transitions to dispersed flow. This study established the chart of critical condensate oil saturation and fracture aperture， which provides support for the efficient development of fractured condensate gas reservoirs in offshore buried hills.

随着海洋油气勘探开发的日益深入，深度大于3500m的深层低渗气藏所占比例日益增加，海上少井条件下“甜点”储层成因与预测表征、适合海上高经济门槛的产能释放技术工艺等制约着低渗气藏高效开发。西湖凹陷深层大型低渗砂岩气田目的层为大型辫状河三角洲沉积体系，“甜点”物性演化受控于构造-沉积-成岩的三相耦合，沉积相带为主控因素，强水动力形成的高能心滩为“甜点”发育的有利相带；通过岩石物理分析、地震正演分析和叠前弹性反演等手段，形成了厚储层内部不同类型“甜点”预测的分级分类预测技术，采用基于样式的多点地质统计学相建模方法实现少井条件下模型精细表征；设计大斜度井/水平井/分支井穿越多期“甜点”以实现高产，“三层楼”式立体井网实现纵向非均质性气藏均衡动用；首次采用油基钻井液直接作为完井液，钻完井全过程均为油基工作液，储层保护效果好，实现表皮系数为零。研究成果实现了海上大型低渗气田少井高产高效开发，平均单井日产超过50万m3，极大扩展了海上深层低渗气田开发水平和界限，对中国近海以及国内外类似低渗油气田具有高的推广价值和应用前景。

With the deepening of marine oil and gas exploration and development， the proportion of deep low-permeability gas reservoirs with depths greater than 3 500 m is increasing. The cause and prediction of“sweet spot” reservoirs under the condition of few offshore wells， as well as the production capacity release technology suitable for offshore reservoirs with high economic thresholds， are restricting the efficient development of low-permeability gas reservoirs. The target layer of a large-scale low-permeability sandstone gas field in Xihu Sag is a large braided river-delta sedimentary system. The evolution of the“sweet spot” physical properties is controlled by the three-phase coupling of structure， sedimentation， and diagenesis， with sedimentary facies acting as the main controlling factor. The high-energy central bar formed bystrong hydrodynamics is a favorable facies for the development of the “sweet spot”. Through methods such as rockphysics analysis， seismic forward modeling， and prestack elastic inversion， the classification and prediction technology for different types of “sweet spot” in thick reservoirs is formed. A style-based multi-point geostatistical modeling method is used to achieve precise representation of the model under few well conditions. Highly inclined wells/horizontal wells/branch wells are designed to cross multiple“sweet spots” to achieve high production， and a “triple-decker” stereoscopic well pattern is used to achieve balanced utilization of vertically heterogeneous gas reservoirs. For the first time， oil-based drilling fluid is directly used as the completion fluid， and the entire drilling and completion process is carried out using oil-based working fluid. The reservoir protection effect is good， and the skin factor is zero. The research results have achieved high-yield and efficient development of large-scale low-permeability gas fields under the condition of few offshore wells， with average daily production exceeding 500 000 cubic meters per well， greatly expanding the level and boundaries of deep-sea low-permeability gas field development. They have high promotion value and application prospects for China’s offshore exploration and development and similar low-permeability oil and gas fields in China and other countries.

深部煤层气是未来非常规油气产能接替的重要资源，目前开发技术处于试验阶段，对深部煤层气开发规律的认识尚不成熟。以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘神府区块为例，基于储层特征和生产动态，对深部煤层气开发早期实践情况进行了总结，形成5点认识。①神府区块优质煤储层类型为光亮煤和半亮煤，综合考虑保存条件和构造位置，提出了“强生烃、物性好、顶泥岩、高部位”的选区思路；②总结形成神府区块3种生产井生产特征，受游离气占比、排采制度、压裂规模等多种因素影响，“排水-上产-稳产-递减”是神府区块深部煤层气井的主要类型；③含气量和压裂规模是神府区块产量主控因素，采用皮尔逊多元相关系数回归技术，建立了适用于神府区块的多因素产能预测模型；④结合生产试验和经济评价方法，从产能、稳产能力、经济性三个方面综合论证，水平井是深部煤层气开发的首选井型；⑤轨迹下倾的水平井亦可实现经济开发，水平井轨迹光滑程度对产量影响更大。结合深部煤层气开发存在的问题以及未来发展趋势，提出了煤层含气性变化机理研究、合理排采制度研究、两气协同开发优化研究等攻关方向。

Deep coalbed methane （CBM） is an important resource for the future of unconventional oil and gas production. Currently， the development technologies are in the experimental stage， and understanding the development patterns of deep CBM is still immature. Therefore， it is urgent for the industry to conduct extensive discussions and share experiences. Taking the Shenfu block on the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin as an example， this paper summarized early practical experience in the development of deep CBM by considering reservoir characteristics and production dynamics. ①Bright coal and semi bright coal are high-quality coal reservoir types in the Shenfu block， and a selection strategy of “having strong hydrocarbon generation， good physical properties， and high positions， with mudstone overlying” has been proposed with the consideration of preservation conditions and tectonic position. ②Three characteristics of production wells in the Shenfu block were summarized， which are influenced by factors such as the proportion of free gas， drainage systems， and fracturing scale. The primary development pattern of deep CBM wells inthe Shenfu block is "drainage-production ramp-up-stable production-decline. " ③Gas content and fracturing scale are the main controlling factors of production in the Shenfu block. Using Pearson multiple correlation coefficients regression technology， this paper established a multifactor productivity prediction model suitable for the Shenfu block. ④According to production tests and economic evaluation methods， horizontal wells are demonstrated to be the preferred well type for deep CBM development in terms of productivity， production stability， and economic viability. ⑤Down-dip horizontal wells can also be developed economically， and the smoothness of horizontal well trajectories has a greater influence on production. Depending on the existing problems and future development trends in the development of deep CBM， the paper proposed research on the mechanism of changes in CBM content， reasonable drainage systems， and optimization of coordinated development of two gases as key research directions.

致密气储层具有物性条件差、非均质性强、含水饱和度高等特点，储层中存在流体渗流受限区域，使得气井产量和控制储量受到影响。一般意义上的阻流带强调的是沉积、成岩作用，以及砂体边界发育等静态地质因素对生产的影响，缺少气水两相渗流过程中不同因素产生的动态阻流表征。首先明确了致密气储层广义平面阻流带的内涵，提出了从生产特征、储层特征和两相共渗特征三个方面进行分析。基于模糊层次分析法，建立了广义平面阻流带层次结构模型和综合评价指标（GI），以鄂尔多斯盆地某致密气藏井区为例，计算了不同因素的影响权重值，得到GI数值，通过插值绘制了研究区广义平面阻流带发育图。进一步对比研究了高产、中产、低产三类井无量纲产气量和无量纲产量递减率与GI数值的关系，结果表明：无量纲产气量与GI值呈负相关关系，无量纲产量递减率与GI值呈正相关关系。利用广义平面阻流带发育图可以为后续气井工作制度的优化调整提供科学支撑。

The characteristics of tight gas reservoir can be characterized by low physical conditions， strong heterogeneity， and high water saturation. There are fluid flow restricted areas in the reservoir， which affect the production and controlled reserves of gas wells. In general， the blocking zone emphasizes the impact of static geological factors such as sedimentation， diagenesis， and the development of sand body boundaries on production， lacking the dynamic flow resistance characterization generated by different factors in the gas-water two-phase flow process. The paper first clarifies the connotation of the generalized horizontal blocking zone in tight gas reservoir， and proposes an analysis from three aspects： production characterization， reservoir characteristics， and heterogeneous co flow characteristics. Based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process，a hierarchical structure model and comprehensive evaluation index（GI）for the generalized horizontal blocking zone were established. Taking a well area of tight gas reservoir in Ordos Basin as an example，the weight values of different factors were calculated to obtain the GI values. The distribution map of the generalized horizontal blocking zone in the study area was drawn through interpolation. Further comparative studies were conducted on the relationship between dimensionless gas production，dimensionless production decline rate，and GI value in three types of wells with high，medium， and low production. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between dimensionless gas production and GI value，and a positive correlation between dimensionless production decline rate and GI value. The use of a generalized horizontal blocking zone distribution map can provide scientific support for the optimization and adjustment of subsequent gas well production.

渤海L油田弱凝胶驱中后期油井堵塞问题严重，亟待采取解堵技术措施。通过油井堵塞物组成测试和地质工艺资料分析，探究了多元复合堵塞物形成机制。采用仪器检查方法，筛选、构建和评价了解堵体系。结果表明：目标储层水驱和弱凝胶驱冲刷引起岩石结构破坏，形成了特高渗透条带；聚合物胶冻从水井进入特高渗透条带并向油井端运移，期间裹挟泥砂和原油重质组分等形成多元复合堵塞物；优选出最佳解聚剂组合“0.5%过硫酸钾+0.05%硫酸亚铁+0.125%柠檬酸”、溶垢剂组合“10%盐酸+5%氢氟酸”和有机溶剂组合“清洗剂A+二甲基亚砜”（1∶1）；优化得到复合解堵体系解聚剂、有机溶剂和溶垢剂体积比1∶1∶3；利用填砂管模型饱和油、水驱和弱凝胶驱并注成垢剂和原油重质组分等模拟复合解堵体系解堵效果，得到填砂管解堵措施后相对水驱采液速度恢复率4.22%～45.13%，解堵效果显著。本项研究成果对油田弱凝胶调驱后油田稳产具有借鉴参考价值。

The blockage problem of oil wells at the middle and late stages of weak gel flooding in Bohai L Oilfield is serious， and it is urgent to take plugging removal measures. The formation mechanism of multi-component composite blockage was explored by testing the composition of blockage in oil wells and analyzing the geological technology data. The instrument inspection method was used to screen， construct， and evaluate the plugging removal system. The results show that the rock structure is destroyed by water flooding and weak gel flooding in the target reservoir， forming ultra-high permeability bands. Polymer gels enter the ultra-high permeability bands from the water well and migrate to the oil well. During this period， mud， sand， and heavy components of crude oil form a multi-component composite blockage. The best depolymerizer combination of “0. 5% potassium persulfate + 0. 05% ferrous sulfate + 0. 125% citric acid”， scale-dissolving agent combination of “10%hydrochloric acid + 5% hydrofluoric acid”， and organic solvent combination of “detergent A + dimethyl sulfoxide”（1∶1） are selected. The volume ratio of depolymerizer， organic solvent， and scale-dissolving agent of the composite plugging removal system is optimized to be 1∶1∶3. The plugging removal effect of the composite plugging removal system is simulated by saturated oil， water flooding， and weak gel flooding in the sand-filled pipe model， and the scaling agent and heavy components of crude oil are injected. The recovery rate of fluid production speed by relative water flooding after using the sand-filled pipe plugging removal measures is 4. 22%-45. 13%， and the plugging removal effect is significant. The research results are of reference value for stable production of oilfields after optimizing weak gel flooding.

针对中国海上石油钻井监测控制与风险防控技术实现智能化面临的诸如海上钻井参数实时监测评价能力差等难题，根据中国海域特点改进相关理论计算模型，研发具有自主知识产权的应用软件和应用工具对海洋钻井参数进行精确预测、对海洋钻井风险进行评估、对海上员工进行操作监控培训等；同时引入Optidrill数据采集分析系统等国外成熟商业钻井监控软件去解决海洋钻井参数实时监控难的问题。上述技术体系应用后，中国渤海海域部分区块单井复杂工况时间降低30%以上，复杂事故处理时间减少20%以上，钻井周期减少20%以上，培训效率提升40%，最终形成了钻井工程设计可视化模拟评估技术、钻井实时监测与控制优化技术、复杂工况多方决策技术和钻井工程仿真模拟培训技术等四大关键技术。本项研究的海洋钻井参数监测控制与钻井风险防控技术体系取得了良好的应用效果，可为实现海上安全高效钻井作业目标提供理论和技术支撑。

In response to the challenges faced by the intelligent implementation of monitoring， control， and risk prevention technologies for marine drilling in China， such as poor real-time monitoring and evaluation capabilities for marine drilling parameters， relevant theoretical calculation models are improved in line with the characteristics of Chinese seas. Application software and tools with independent intellectual property rights are developed to accurately predict marine drilling parameters， assess marine drilling risks， and provide monitoring operation training for maritime employees. Mature foreign commercial drilling monitoring software such as Optidrill data acquisition and analysis system is introduced to solve the problem of difficult real-time monitoring of marine drilling parameters. After the application of the above technology system， the time consumed under complex working conditions of single wells in some blocks of the Bohai Sea in China is reduced by more than 30%， and the complex accident handling time is reduced by more than 20%. The drilling cycle is reduced by more than 20%， and the training efficiency is improved by 40%. Ultimately， four key technologies are formed， including visual simulation and evaluation technology for drilling engineering design， real-time monitoring and control optimization technology for drilling， multi-party decision-making technology for complex working conditions， and drilling engineering simulation and training technology. The technology system studied in this paper for monitoring and control of marine drilling parameters and prevention and control of drilling risks has achieved good application results， providing theoretical and technical support for achieving the goal of safe and efficient marine drilling operations.

苏里格盒8段砂泥岩双向薄互储层裂缝两翼纵向非对称延伸、穿层不充分、改造效果差，选取同层位砂泥岩露头开展真三轴压裂物理模拟实验，探究砂泥岩薄互储集层水力裂缝起裂-交互-穿透的扩展规律，考虑垂向应力差、层间应力差和簇间应力干扰构建全局嵌入内聚力单元数值模型，揭示多簇裂缝间/人工裂缝与层界面间的竞争扩展作用机制，建立多簇裂缝差异性穿透、激活层界面准则及图版。研究结果表明：垂向应力差能抑制簇间干扰诱导的相斥扩展特性，有利于提高缝高，针对垂向应力差异系数高于1.5的储层可适当缩短簇间距；层间应力差和簇间干扰易诱导人工裂缝沟通层界面，并发生剪切破坏，抑制缝高纵向增长，二者分别倾向于形成工字形和共轭T形裂缝形态；提高前置液排量和黏度有助于减小近井区域和层界面处压裂液滤失，提升裂缝穿层致裂能力，最终形成十字和米字为主的复杂缝网形态。本项研究成果可为砂泥岩双向薄互层控近穿远压裂施工参数优化提供理论指导。

The sandstone-mudstone thin interbedded reservoir in He 8 member of the Sulige Gas Field is facing issues such as non-symmetric longitudinal extension of fractures on both sides， insufficient layer penetration， and poor effectiveness of reservoir stimulation. Therefore， physical simulation experiments of true triaxial fracturing were conducted on sandstone-mudstone outcrops at the same stratum level， so as to investigate the initiation-interaction-penetration propagation principle of hydraulic fractures in sandstone-mudstone thin interbedded reservoir layers. By considering vertical stress differences， interlayer stress differences， and stress interference between clusters， a numerical model of the global embedded cohesive element was constructed， revealing the competitive propagation mechanisms between multiple clusters of fractures/artificial fractures and interfaces between layers. In addition， criteria and diagrams for differential penetration of multiple clusters of fractures and activation of layer interfaces were established. Research results indicate that the vertical stress difference can suppress the repulsion propagation characteristics induced by interference between clusters， which is beneficial for increasing the fracture height. For reservoirs with a vertical stress difference coefficient exceeding 1. 5， it is advisable to appropriately reduce the inter-cluster spacing. Interlayer stress difference and interference between clusters can easily induce artificial fractures to communicate with the layer interface， leading to shear failure and inhibiting vertical propagation of fracture height. They tend to form H-shaped fractures and conjugate T-shaped fractures， respectively. Increasing the displacement rates and viscosity of pre-fracturing fluid helps reduce fracturing fluid loss near the wellbore and layer interfaces， enhance the ability to create fractures that penetrate layers， and ultimately form a complex fracture network dominated by cross-shaped and asterisk-shaped patterns. Research results can provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of fracturing construction parameters for sandstone-mudstone thin interbedded reservoirs for near-layer control and far-layer penetration.

深水水合物开发管柱中极易满足水合物生成的高压低温条件，可能引发严重的水合物沉积堵塞问题，特别是变向管柱水合物的生成沉积规律尚缺乏深入研究。利用CFD-DEM-API，充分考虑水合物颗粒间、颗粒与管壁间及颗粒与流体的相互作用，结合相间传热模型，模拟研究了存在盲管的变向管温压场及流场分布，同时得到管柱内水合物颗粒运移沉积规律及温度分布，揭示了盲管内及变向处水合物颗粒运移沉积机理。结果表明，变向管柱内存在一个盲管高度使水合物颗粒在变向处沉积达最大值，并通过大量模拟发现此盲管高度约为水合物颗粒惯性运移最高值。基于灰色关联分析，得出导致最大颗粒沉积的盲管高度的波动受管径影响最大，其次是颗粒粒径和速度。本项研究结果可为深水水合物安全高效开发提供参考。

The high pressure and low temperature conditions for hydrate formation are easily met in deep-water hydrate development columns， which may cause serious hydrate deposition and blockage problems. However， the formation and deposition laws of hydrates in redirecting pipes still lack in-depth research. Using CFD-DEM-API and an interphase heat transfer model， this work studied the distributions of temperature， pressure， and flow fields in redirecting pipes with blind pipes， which fully considers the interactions between hydrate particles， between particles and pipe walls， and between particles and fluids. At the same time， the migration and deposition laws and temperature distribution of hydrate particles in the pipes were obtained， revealing the migration and deposition mechanism of hydrate particles in the blind pipes and at the directional change point. The research results indicate that there is a blind pipe height inside a redirecting pipe that causes the maximum deposition of hydrate particles at the directional change point. Through extensive simulations， it was found that this blind pipe height was approximately the highest value of hydrate particle inertial migration. Based on grey relational analysis， it was found that the fluctuation of blind pipe height leading to maximum particle deposition was most influenced by pipe diameter， which was followed by particle size and velocity. The research results of this paper can provide reference for the safe and efficient development of deep-water hydrates.

尽管压裂水平井开发深部煤层气藏取得重大突破，但煤层气井产气规律认识不清，产气快速预测方法欠缺，为了保障深部煤层气长期稳定高效开发，亟需开展产气预测方法研究。基于深部煤层气压裂水平井改造区内外双线性流的渗流特征，通过耦合考虑开关井变化影响的压力传播模型，考虑应力敏感、基质收缩和煤粉堵塞综合影响的渗透率动态变化机理的水平井气水两相流产能方程，以及煤层气藏压裂改造区-未改造区物质平衡方程，建立了煤层气压裂水平井产气预测模型，并对模型进行了求解；通过与商业数值模拟软件CMG模型、鄂东盆地大吉区块典型深部煤层气井A实测数据的拟合对比分析，验证了本文提出的深部煤层气压裂水平井产气预测模型的可行性。结果表明：本文模型更好地表征了实际井从压裂液返排阶段开始到产量递减阶段的全周期产水动态特征，所拟合得到的井底流压路径与实测值的平均误差低于7％，即建立的深部煤层气压裂水平井产气预测模型更符合现场实际。研究结果可为深部煤层气藏压裂水平井生产动态分析和开发方案设计提供参考，为深部煤层气井长期稳定高效开发奠定基础。

In recent years， significant breakthroughs have been made in the development of deep coalbed methane reservoirs with fractured horizontal wells. However， the law of gas production in coalbed gas wells is unclear， and there is a lack of methods for forecasting gas production fast. In order to ensure the long-term， stable， and efficient development of deep coalbed methane， it is urgent to study gas production prediction methods. In this work， based on bilinear seepage flow characteristics inside and outside the stimulated reservoir volume （SRV） for fractured horizontal wells in deep coalbed methane reservoirs， a gas production prediction model for fractured horizontal wells in deep coalbed methane reservoirs was established and solved by coupling the pressure propagation model considering well shut-in， the dynamic permeability model considering stress sensitivity， matrix shrinkage， and pulverized coal blockage， the gas-water two-phase flow deliverability equations of horizontal wells， and the material balance equations of the SRV and the non-stimulated reservoir volume in the coalbed gas reservoir. The feasibility of the gas production prediction model proposed in this paper was verified by comparing and fitting with the commercial numerical simulation software CMG model and the measured data of typical deep coalbed methane Well A in the Daji block of the eastern Hubei Basin. The results show that this model better characterizes the full-cycle water production dynamic characteristics of actual wells from the fracturing fluid backflow stage to the production decline stage. The fitted bottomhole flow pressure path has an average error of less than 7% compared to the measured values. The established gas production prediction model for fractured horizontal wells in deep coalbed methane reservoirs is more in line with the actual site conditions. The research results can provide a reference for the production dynamic analysis and development plan design of fractured horizontal wells in deep coalbed methane reservoirs， laying a foundation for long-term， stable， and efficient development of deep coalbed methane wells.

为论证圆筒型FPSO（浮式生产储卸油装置）在南海油田开发项目中的适应性，对其运动响应特性及抑制方法开展了研究。建立了波浪-圆筒型FPSO-系泊系统的时域耦合数值模型，系统分析了圆筒型FPSO的摇摆及垂荡运动特性。结果表明，与船型FPSO相比，圆筒型FPSO低频摇摆运动响应更加显著，占比接近50%；与船型FPSO摇摆运动由波频主导不同，圆筒型FPSO低频摇摆响应主要来自低频二阶差频波浪载荷。通过模型试验验证了数值分析结果的可靠性，进一步提出通过降低重心及优化垂荡板形式可使圆筒型FPSO摇摆运动下降4%～10%。研究结果为同类圆筒型浮体结构的总体设计提供了参考。

To verify the applicability of cylindrical floating production storage and offloading system （FPSO） in the South China Sea oilfields， this paper studies its motion response characteristics and suppression methods. The paper establishes a time-domain fully-coupled model for the wave loads， cylindrical FPSO， and its mooring system and systematically analyzes the rolling and heave motion characteristics of cylindrical FPSO. The results reveal the obvious low-frequency rolling motion response of cylindrical FPSO compared to ship-shaped FPSO， which accounts for around 50%. The low-frequency rolling motion response of cylindrical FPSO mainly comes from low-frequency second-order difference-frequency wave loads， which is different from wave frequency-dominated rolling motion of ship-shaped FPSO. The numerical analysis results are validated through model experiments. On this basis， two methods are proposed to reduce the rolling motion of cylindrical FPSO by 4%-10%， namely lowering the center of gravity and optimizing the heave plate. The research results of this paper can provide reference for the overall design of similar cylindrical floating structures.

针对圆筒型FPSO（浮式生产储卸油装置）在台风期强波浪条件下的外飘结构砰击和工艺甲板上浪问题，分别采用模型试验与数值模拟方法，从外飘结构砰击载荷获取和工艺甲板上浪风险控制两方面开展研究。试验发现砰击载荷在近水面处取得最大值，且随着距离水面的高度增加而逐步降低。针对试验直接测得的砰击载荷数据，提出“经验模态分解（EMD）”方法用以去除由短促撞击过程引起压强传感器共振带来的动态放大；处理后砰击载荷试验结果小于DNV（挪威船级社）推荐设计载荷，但更接近海上实测结果。提出的依托试验的数值模型解耦修正方法和双参数波面重构方法，数值模拟结果与试验高度吻合，表明经过修正的波面公式可以较为准确地描述试验获取的波面概率分布特性。研究成果有效指导了“海葵一号”圆筒型FPSO波浪砰击载荷的获取和甲板绿水上浪现象的分析及挡浪墙高度的设计，可作为规范推荐做法的补充，为类似圆形浮式结构上浪分析提供参考。

In this study， model tests and numerical simulation methods were used to study the slamming loads on inclined bulwark and green water phenomenon on a cylindrical floating production， storage and offloading （FPSO） under strong wave conditions during typhoons. The research was conducted in terms of slamming loads on inclined bulwark and and risk control of green water. The tests find that the slamming load reaches its maximum value near the water surface and decreases with the increase in the height from the water surface. For the slamming load data measured by the tests， an empirical mode decomposition （EMD） method was proposed to eliminate dynamic amplification due to pressure transducer resonance during short and rapid impacts. The processed slamming load test results are smaller than the design load suggested by Det Norske Veritas （DNV） but align closely with the results of marine tests. The proposed method of numerical model decoupling correction and two-parameter wave elevation reconstruction based on the test show that the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the test results， indicating that the modified wave elevation formula can accurately describe the wave elevation probability distribution characteristics obtained by the test. The research results effectively guide the acquisition of slamming loads of waves and the analysis of green water on the “Haikui No. 1” cylindrical FPSO， as well as the design of on-deck bulwark height， which can be used as a supplement to the recommended practice of the code and provide a reference for green water analysis of similar circular floating structures.

油水两相流摩擦阻力的计算对于提高开采效率、优化管道设计及降低管道输送能耗等方面有重要意义。管道表面物理化学性质会影响摩擦阻力的计算，有必要针对不同管材开展润湿性与压降的研究。基于自主设计搭建的环道装置，测量了页岩油在内径为50mm碳钢管和聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）管的压降；利用接触角测定仪测定了环己醇等实验液体的表面张力、在2种管材的接触角，计算了管材的表面能，探究了材料表面润湿性影响因素；通过量纲分析和回归分析确定水平管内壁表面润湿性与摩擦阻力系数定量关系式。结果表明：同一流量下的碳钢管和PTFE管压降值不同，同一雷诺数下的摩擦阻力系数随接触角增大而减小；接触角随液体表面张力增大而增大，随固体材料表面能的增大而减小，随内聚力与粘附功差值减小而减小。修正后的碳钢管和PTFE管摩擦阻力系数拟合值相比理论值的平均误差分别为8.7207%和1.6055%，大幅提高了压降预测精度。油水两相润湿性与压降的研究对于降低开采能耗及提高管道输送效率具有重要意义。

The calculation of frictional resistance in oil-water two-phase flow is of significant importance for enhancing extraction efficiency， optimizing pipeline design， and reducing energy consumption in pipeline transportation. The physicochemical properties of pipeline surfaces can influence the calculation of frictional resistance， necessitating research into wettability and pressure drop for different types of piping materials. Using a self-designed and constructed annular test facility， pressure drops of shale oil were measured in carbon steel pipes and polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） pipes with an inner diameter of 50 mm. Surface tension of experimental liquids such as cyclohexanol and their contact angles on the two types of piping materials were determined by using a contact angle meter. The surface energy of the piping materials was calculated to investigate the factors influencing wettability of the material surfaces. Through dimensional analysis and regression analysis， a quantitative relationship between the wettability of the inner wall surface of horizontal pipes and the friction resistance coefficient was established. The results indicate that the pressure drop values are different between carbon steel pipes and PTFE pipes at the same flow rate， and the friction resistance coefficient decreases with increasing contact angle at the same Reynolds number.The contact angle increases with the surface tension of the liquid， decreases with the surface energy of the solid material， and also decreases as the difference between cohesion and adhesion work diminishes. The average errors between the fitted values and theoretical values of the friction resistance coefficient for carbon steel pipes and PTFE pipes are 8. 720 7% and 1. 605 5%， respectively. After correction， it can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of pressure drop. The research on wettability and pressure drop in oil-water two-phase flow is of great significance for reducing energy consumption in extraction and enhancing pipeline transportation efficiency.

海上风电具有波动性和间歇性的特点，大容量接入海上油田群微电网易导致电网稳定性问题。以国内首个漂浮式风电“海油观澜号”接入文昌油田群电网工程为例，对该电力系统典型故障工况下暂态稳定性问题开展研究。采用PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真软件搭建了“海油观澜号”接入文昌油田群电网全系统仿真模型，分析了风机切除、同步发电机组切除及海缆故障解列等3种典型故障工况下，系统暂态电压、频率、功角稳定性及系统振荡风险水平。结果表明，风机故障切除电网能够自适应稳定，可以此作为风机接入规模的工程选型依据；在同步发电机切机故障下，电网也可自适应稳定，该电网具备进一步优化减少热备用机组的潜力；海缆切除典型故障工况下，系统出现暂态频率失稳情况，可通过切负荷、加装储能等措施恢复稳定，同时加装储能措施可降低切负荷规模，利于平台平稳生产；各类故障工况下该项目无宽频振荡风险。研究成果为项目的安全稳定运行提供了支撑并为后续类似项目提供了参考。

Offshore wind power is characterized by volatility and intermittency， and the large-scale integration into offshore oilfield microgrids can lead to grid stability issues. Taking the connection project of domestic first floating wind power platform “CNOOC Guanlan” to the Wenchang Oilfield microgrid as an example， this study investigated the transient stability issues under typical fault conditions of the power system. A full-system simulation model of “CNOOC Guanlan” integrated into the Wenchang Oilfield microgrid was built using the PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation software. The analysis covered three typical fault scenarios：wind turbine disconnection， synchronous generator disconnection， and subsea cable fault isolation， examining system transient voltage， frequency， power angle stability， and oscillation risk levels. The results show that the grid can self-stabilize after a wind turbine failure， which can serve as a basis for engineering selection regarding the scale of wind turbine integration. Under synchronous generator disconnection faults， the grid also exhibits self-stabilization， indicating potential for further optimization to reduce thermal standby units. During subsea cable disconnection faults， the system experiences transient frequency instability， but stability can be restored through measures such as load shedding and energy storage installation. Additionally， installing energy storage can reduce the scale of load shedding， benefiting platform stable production. There is no broadband oscillation risk under various fault conditions. The research outcomes provide support for the safe and stable operation of the project and offer reference for subsequent similar projects.

受工程经济性、埋存可行性、碳捕集适用性等诸多因素影响，海上气田膜脱碳与CO2封存技术仍处于可行性研发阶段。基于南海乐东15-1高碳气田CCUS工程项目，首次利用膜脱碳技术实现CO2在海上平台就地捕集及回注地层埋存的工程实践，介绍了海上气田CCUS工艺流程，针对性地开展了膜脱碳设备比选及脱碳效果影响因素分析，明确了膜脱碳效果的影响因素；基于注入极限压力理论确定CO2回注压力为8～11MPa，设计日注气量为5万m3/d；针对日注气量不足开展了工况分析及流程优化，通过提高高烃气流量实现CO2回注量达到额定流量。乐东15-1气田CCUS海上工程表明了“膜脱碳碳捕集技术—CO2回注压缩机—回注地层碳埋存”的CO2捕集与封存全流程工程技术体系在海上平台应用是可行的，所形成的工程技术经验对中国海上油气田CCUS发展及应用具有重要的工程价值。

Influenced by various factors such as engineering economics， storage feasibility， and carbon capture applicability， the membrane decarbonization and CO2 storage technology for offshore gas fields is still in the feasibility research and development stage. Based on the carbon capture， utilization， and storage （CCUS） engineering of high-carbon LD15-1 gasfield in the South China Sea， the first engineering practice of using membrane decarbonization technology to achieve on-site capture and reinjection of CO2 on offshore platforms for storage in formations was realized. The CCUS process flow of offshore gas fields was introduced， and targeted comparison and selection of membrane decarbonization equipment were conducted. The factors affecting the decarbonization effect were analyzed and determined. Based on the theory of injection limit pressure， the CO2 reinjection pressure was determined to be 8-11 MPa， and the designed daily gas injection volume was 50 000 m3. Working condition analysis and process optimization were carried out to address the insufficient daily gas injection volume. By increasing the flow rate of high hydrocarbon gas， the CO2 reinjection volume reached the rated flow rate. The CCUS offshore engineering of LD15-1 gasfield demonstrates that the full process engineering technology system of CO2 capture and storage， covering membrane decarbonization and carbon capture technology， CO2 reinjection compressor， and reinjection for carbon storage in formations， is feasible for application on offshore platforms. The engineering technology experience has important engineering value for the development and application of CCUS in China’s offshore oil and gas fields.